Polish for beginners:
essential phrases
Phrases that get you through your first weeks in Poland: in shops, on public transport, at the doctor's and at work. With translations and tips on how to learn them.
In your first weeks in Poland, grammar is not the point: you need ready-made phrases for typical situations. Here they are, grouped by topic. Learn them whole and out loud, and they will work in a real conversation.
How to read Polish letters
Polish uses the Latin alphabet, and some sounds are written with two letters:
- sz sounds like "sh", cz like "ch" in "church", rz and ż like "s" in "pleasure".
- w sounds like English "v", ł like English "w", j like "y" in "yes".
- ch and h sound like the "ch" in Scottish "loch", c like "ts" in "cats".
- ó sounds like u, a short "oo".
- ą and ę are nasal vowels.
- Stress almost always falls on the second-to-last syllable.
Greetings and politeness
- Dzień dobry! — Good morning! / Good afternoon!
- Dobry wieczór! — Good evening!
- Cześć! — Hi! / Bye!
- Do widzenia! — Goodbye!
- Na razie! — See you! (informal)
- Dobranoc! — Good night!
- Dziękuję. — Thank you.
- Dziękuję bardzo. — Thank you very much.
- Nie ma za co. — You are welcome.
- Proszę. — Please. / Here you are.
- Przepraszam. — Sorry. / Excuse me.
Getting to know people
- Jak się Pan nazywa? — What is your name? (to a man, formal)
- Jak masz na imię? — What is your name? (informal)
- Mam na imię Ana. — My name is Ana.
- Miło mi. — Nice to meet you.
- Skąd Pani jest? — Where are you from? (to a woman, formal)
- Jestem z Indii. — I am from India.
- Mieszkam w Warszawie. — I live in Warsaw.
- Pracuję jako kierowca. — I work as a driver.
- Mam trzydzieści lat. — I am thirty.
- Uczę się polskiego. — I am learning Polish.
When you do not understand
- Nie rozumiem. — I do not understand.
- Czy może Pan powtórzyć? — Could you repeat that?
- Proszę mówić wolniej. — Please speak more slowly.
- Co to znaczy? — What does that mean?
- Jak się mówi po polsku…? — How do you say … in Polish?
- Czy może Pani to napisać? — Could you write it down?
- Mówię trochę po polsku. — I speak a little Polish.
- Tak. / Nie. — Yes. / No.
- Nie wiem. — I do not know.
Shop and café
- Ile to kosztuje? — How much is it?
- Poproszę kawę. — A coffee, please.
- Czy mogę zapłacić kartą? — Can I pay by card?
- Gotówką. — In cash.
- Poproszę rachunek. — The bill, please.
- Gdzie jest toaleta? — Where is the toilet?
- Czy jest chleb? — Do you have bread?
- Czy to wszystko? — Is that everything? (asked at the till)
- Czy to miejsce jest wolne? — Is this seat free?
- Smacznego! — Enjoy your meal!
Town and transport
- Gdzie jest dworzec? — Where is the station?
- Jak dojść do centrum? — How do I get to the centre?
- Czy to daleko? — Is it far?
- W lewo. W prawo. Prosto. — Left. Right. Straight on.
- Który autobus jedzie do centrum? — Which bus goes to the centre?
- Poproszę jeden bilet. — One ticket, please.
- Gdzie jest przystanek? — Where is the bus stop?
- O której odjeżdża pociąg? — What time does the train leave?
Time
- Która jest godzina? — What time is it?
- Jest trzecia. — It is three o'clock.
- Dzisiaj. Jutro. Wczoraj. — Today. Tomorrow. Yesterday.
- Za godzinę. — In an hour.
- W poniedziałek. — On Monday.
- W weekend. — At the weekend.
Doctor and pharmacy
- Boli mnie głowa. — I have a headache.
- Boli mnie gardło. — I have a sore throat.
- Jestem chory. / Jestem chora. — I am ill. (man / woman)
- Mam gorączkę. — I have a fever.
- Chcę się zapisać do lekarza. — I want to book a doctor's appointment.
- Gdzie jest apteka? — Where is the pharmacy?
- Pomocy! — Help!
- Proszę wezwać karetkę! — Please call an ambulance!
Housing and work
- Szukam mieszkania. — I am looking for a flat.
- Ile kosztuje wynajem? — How much is the rent?
- Nie działa ogrzewanie. — The heating is not working.
- Spóźnię się. — I will be late.
- Dzisiaj nie mogę. — I cannot today.
- Co mam zrobić? — What should I do?
- Skończyłem. / Skończyłam. — I am done. (man / woman)
- Miłego weekendu! — Have a nice weekend!
Small talk
- Co słychać? — How are things?
- Dobrze, dziękuję. A ty? — Fine, thanks. And you?
- Świetnie! — Great!
- Oczywiście. — Of course.
- Nic nie szkodzi. — No problem.
- Do zobaczenia! — See you!
- Powodzenia! — Good luck!
- Wszystkiego najlepszego! — All the best! (for a birthday)
How to learn these phrases
Ten a day, out loud. Say each phrase several times and use it in real life the same day: in a shop, on the bus, with a colleague.
Review on a schedule. After a day, after three days, after a week. Spaced-repetition flashcards do this for you.
Change the details. Once you know Poproszę kawę., say Poproszę herbatę. (A tea, please.) That turns a phrase into a pattern.
Use Pan and Pani. In Poland strangers are addressed as Pan (to a man) and Pani (to a woman), with the verb in the third person: Czy może Pan powtórzyć? literally means "Can the gentleman repeat?". The informal ty is for friends, colleagues who have offered it, and children.
If your goal is the long-term EU resident permit, you will need B1 next: how the Polish B1 exam works. You can speak Polish with an AI conversation partner from A1 in Talkfirst, with feedback in English after each conversation and words from your conversations saved as flashcards.
Frequently asked questions
How do you say hello in Polish?
Dzień dobry! is the polite greeting in the morning and during the day; in the evening say Dobry wieczór! With friends, Cześć!
How do you ask for something politely in Polish?
The simplest way is Poproszę… plus what you want: Poproszę kawę. It sounds polite in a shop, a café or at the till.
Is Polish hard for English speakers?
The grammar has seven cases and the spelling takes some getting used to, but the spelling is consistent: once you know the letter combinations, you can read any word aloud.